Friday, January 22, 2016

Our Time, our time down here.

Good morning readers! 

Yesterday, I went to see 'The Goonies', again! 
Even though I had seen it a few months before at the cinema and I have seen it innumerable times at home,  I still enjoyed it. 'The Goonies' is one of those films that I never get tired of watching. I love the story, the characters, the puns (1), the end... but what I love the most is the idea that the film portrays of chasing your dreams. 
 Mikey, the main character is persistent and stubborn and it is thanks to him that their dreams finally come true. I do not want to be a spoiler in case there is anybody there who still has not watched The Goonies (really?), so I will say no more. I just want to leave you my favourite scene of the whole film: Mikey´s speech. This scene takes place when the group of friends are about to give up on their dreams and hopes and Mikey´s speech makes them think again and change their minds (2). I really hope you enjoy it... 


Now, let´s have a look at the dialogue: 
  • Mikey: Don´t you realize? The next time you will see sky it will be over another town, the next time you take a test, it will be in some other school. Our parents, they want the best stuff (3) for us. But right now they´ve gotta (4) do what´s right for them because it´s their time. Their time, up there. Down here it´s our time. It´s our time, down here. That´s all over the second we ride up (5) Troy´s bucket. 
Glossary: 
  • (1) puns (n): humorous use of a word or a phrase so as to emphasize or suggest its different meanings or applications. 
  • (2) to change one´s mind (id): to change one´s opinion or intention. 
  • (3) stuff (n): material objects or items of some kind not specified. 
  • (4) gotta (v): contraction of got to in informal, rapid and conversational speech. 
  • (5) ride up (ph. v): to move up from the proper place or position. 
I hope you have enjoyed it! And... if you have not seen 'The Goonies' yet, what are you waiting for? Get hold of one copy and do it. You have the whole weekend to enjoy it! 
Bye!

Thursday, January 14, 2016

Adverbials, where do they go?

Hello folks! First of all...

Welcome to my new group of Intermediate 2 and to my two new groups of Intermediate 1. I also teach a group of Basic 1 but this blog and its contents may be a bit difficult for them just yet,  I´m afraid. Everything will come at the right time.

Right, this post is about adverbials and their position in the sentences. This may be quite complex since we have many different types of adverbials and they go in different positions. For example, "unfortunately" does not go in the same place that "really", does it?
Ex: *I unfortunately don´t have much time left - I really don´t have much time left 
As you probably noticed, the first sentence in the example above is wrong and the second sentence is right. So, what´s the right order? Let´s have a look at the different types of adverbials we have and where they go in the sentence:
  •  Adverbs of Comment. 
They give the speaker´s or the writer´s OPINION about something. They are subjective views about something that is being discussed. They usually go at the beginning of the sentence
Examples: Eventually, your mother will give you permission to go out. Obviously my sister is less clever than I am.
  • Adverbs of Degree. 
They describe HOW MUCH something is done or TO WHAT EXTENT something is done. They may go before the main verb
Example: I have almost finished!
However: If...
They modify an adjective, they go before the adjective. Example: My students are incredibly happy with their results.
- A lot and much often go after the verb. Examples: I have been working a lot in the project. I guess you don´t like much the idea. 
  • Adverbs of Frequency. 
They are related to HOW OFTEN something happens. They go before the main verb. However, if the verb we use is the verb to be, they go after this verb (since verb to be is an auxiliar itself) 
Examples: I never take my laptop to school. I have always believed in ghosts. Your sister is hardly ever late for dinner.
  • Adverbs of Manner. 
They describe the WAY of doing something. How someone does something. They usually go after the verb
Examples: My mother drives very slowly. All my students have been studying for the exam very intensively.
  • Adverbs of Time and Place. 
They say WHEN or WHEN something happened, will happen.  They usually go at the end of the sentence
Examples: The new car will arrive at the airport in half an hour. She hasn´t lived here for 5 years. When we have both adverbials of time and place, place adverbials generally go before time adverbials.

All other adverbs like "just", "even", or "probably" usually go before the main verb and after verb to be. Examples: I have just come back from the office. The time is probably wrong. I hadn´t even started yet! 

Complicated? No worries, here I leave you with a summary chart that I have prepared regarding this topic:

 
Beginning of Sentence
Before Adjective
Before Main Verb (And after To Be)
After Main Verb
End of Sentence
COMMENT
DEGREE (if they modify an adjective)
DEGREE
MANNER
TIME AND PLACE  (PLACE before TIME)


FREQUENCY
* A LOT
* MUCH



OTHER ADVERBS (Just, even, Probably)


Luckily, I have enough money to buy a house.
My son was incredibly satisfied when he won the prize.
·  We almost run out of time
·  They normally go home for lunch
·  You probably think I am stupid!
·  Everyone in this class is working very hard.
·  When I am tired I shout a lot.
·  I don´t drink much water
The letters arrived at the post office on time.





















And that´s all about adverbs and adverbials. I hope this is really useful (adverb of degree) for you and you have a lovely end of the week. The weekend will arrive very shortly (adverb of manner). Obviously (adverb of comment) I will be back next week! 

Cheers!

Thursday, January 07, 2016

New Year Resolutions

Hello folks!

A few days after the start of the New Year and I am sure many of you are already trying new activities or new attitudes for 2016. These are popularly known as: "New Year Resolutions". Let´s have a look at some of the most popular New Year resolutions and learn some useful vocabulary or expressions along the way... :-)
According to the TIME magazine, the top New Year broken Resolutions are:
  • Eat healthier and diet, lose weight and get fit. 
This is one of the most common New Year's resolutions. It's time to eat healthy. After the Christmas holidays when we have eaten way too much calorie loaded food, it's only natural that we want to lose weight and get fit. We promise to swap eggs and bagels for granola and oatmeal breakfasts; eat lean, protein-rich salads (nonfat dressing on the side, please) and fruit for lunch; cook fish and brown rice for dinner and serve it up with a side of spinach. It all sounds so good and possible on Jan. 2. The problem is that most people take this resolution too far by forcing themselves onto restricting diets they can't possibly keep. As the saying goes, try everything in moderation, including moderation. Eat healthy, but allow yourself a treat now and then. Otherwise, it won't be long before this resolution falls by the weight-side. Each January, fitness clubs offer different deals and promotions to those who want to make good on their resolutions. To those who are regulars at the health clubs, the crowded classes and treadmill lines make the new year a horrible time. Luckily for gym rats, research says that 60% of gym memberships go unused and attendance is usually back to normal by mid-February.

  • Quit smoking and drinking.  
Smoking yellows your teeth, infiltrates all your clothing, irritates the people around you and charms only those in an ever dwindling crowd of fellow smokers. So what better time than the New Year? Only an estimated 15% of people who try to quit manage to stay cigarette-free six months later. Think it over during your next cigarette break.
Regarding drinking, after the morning of Jan. 1, it's not surprising you probably wish you drank less. The question is whether that resolve will last for the other 364 days of the year. Drinking less is undoubtedly good for you: it's better for your health, your wallet and probably your reputation. Then why do we keep on boozing? Folk more learned than we may point to modern science for definitive answers, but we prefer those Greco-Roman ancients who proclaimed "In vino veritas" — "In wine [and whiskey, vodka, gin and beer], there is truth." They said it, not us. 

  • Learn something new, like a language. 
You've been meaning to learn Chinese. You'd love to play the piano. How great would it be to really know how to cook? Deciding to learn something new is exciting: the world is full of fascinating facts, skills and talents. And the process of discovering them, not just the end result, is enjoyable and rewarding. At least, for a while. Soon you remember there's a reason you haven't learned all this yet. Chinese is too difficult. Piano takes too much practice. Ordering out is just so much easier than cooking. You'll do it ... when you have more time.
  • Get out of debt and save money 
After a particularly trying financial year (and the always budget-unfriendly month of December), consumers might call for a halt to spending and vow to manage their debt more effectively. The sad fact about this resolution is that many people will have difficulty accomplishing it, and not through any fault of their own. Financial planners advise making specific budget-friendly rules, rather than pronouncing overarching and often unattainable goals. Only allow yourself to eat one dinner out a week. Take a sack lunch to work most days. Vow to shop around for a new auto, home insurance and credit cards with lower interest rates and free balance transfers. Can you spare an extra $50 or even $20 a month to put toward paying off your student loans?
 If you're lucky enough to make it out of debt, the goal then becomes tucking some money away for retirement or a rainy day. And, while flipping through your favorite magazine, repeat the mantra, "I will save money this year, I will save money this year." But, ooh, look at that new Marc Jacobs bag, and I really could use a Kindle for all those subway commutes. Oh, and what about a new wardrobe for spring? Hmm. Maybe I'll save money next year.

  • Spend more time with family 
Everyone's busy these days, it's true. But blood is thicker than water, and the beginning of the year is an ideal time to reconnect with family that you haven't seen in a while. Great idea, right? Then February arrives, reality sets in, and you realize that the reason you didn't see cousin Jim more often is because he really isn't that interesting at all. Or that plan to spend more time with the kids? Well, it turns out that work doesn't magically disappear with the dawning of a new year, and you're at the office more than ever. It's a hard promise to keep — no matter how sincere the desire is.
  • Travel to new places 
A new year and a new world of opportunities to explore — and places, too. Travel of some sort is on almost everyone's agenda, and some of the first things we tend to think of in a new year are those exotic destinations we'd hope to seek out.  In the aftermath of the Great Recession, budgets are tight and staycations are in. Besides, not traveling spares all the headache of planning, applying perhaps for a visa, fretting over, getting scammed in some foreign locale and getting someone to tend to your plants and puppy. There's a reason why travel and travail sound so similar.
  • Volunteer 
It may be a new year, but there are still old problems in the world. To start out on the right foot, you may resolve to lend a helping hand. You can help build a house, care for an animal, distribute food to the hungry, tutor a student. Volunteering could be the resolution that keeps on giving — to yourself and to others.
But even the most compassionate among us can fall back on our commitments. Finding time all too often proves harder than finding money, and many would-be volunteers will probably end up writing checks instead. You might want to rephrase this resolution to include the broader "help others."

  1. To allow yourself a treat: to allow yourself to do something enjoyable that it may not be too good for you.  
  2. Dwindling (adj): becoming smaller and smaller. 
  3. Boozing (v): drinking alcoholic drinks.  
  4. Overarching (adj): Something that overshadows the rest  
  5. To tuck away (ph.v): to store in a place sifficult to find.
  6.  Aftermath (n): situation that results from or follows an event. 
  7. Staycations (n): A vacation or holiday that is spent at one´s home enjoying all that home and one´s home environment have to offer. 
  8. To fret over (ph.v): to feel worried or anxious about something 
  9. To get scammed (v): to be cheated by means of an illegal way to get money. 
  10. To start out on the right foot (id): to start by doing things in a way likely to suceed. 
  11. To fall back on (ph.v): to retreat, withdraw, draw back from an earlier position.

* adapted from TIME magazine, Sunday January 1st, 2012. 

So, what do you think of these resolutions? Any of them sounds familiar to you? I really hope so... they do to me!

Happy New Year!

Sunday, December 20, 2015

Christmas Spirit

Hello folks!
Just a few days until Christmas. Since there are not many days left to the "big day" I have decided to dedicate an entry to have a look at some vocabulary and idioms that you can find useful to spend these festivities in a more international way. Let's start from some lexical terms first:
- Merry (adj): happy, cheerful, full of joy 
- Mistletoe (n): a plant with yellowish flowers and white berries used in Christmas decorations
- Holly(n): a tree or plant with shiny leaves and red berries 
- Tinsel(n): a thin sheet or thread of glittering metal that produce a sparkling effect in decorations
- Crib(n): a child's bed with enclosed sides/a box or bin for holding food for animals 
- Christmas carol (n): Christmas songs
- Bauble(n): cheap, showy ornament, decoration
- Father Christmas(n): a popular name for Saint Claus 
- Christmas hamper(n): Large basket containing usually food given in Christmas as present 
- Reindeer(n): a large deer of northern and arctic regions of the world 
- Sleigh(n): a light vehicle usually open and generally drawn by horses used for transporting people over snow 
- Wreath(n): a circular band made of flowers or plants and used for decoration. 
- Christmas stocking(n): a red and white close-fitting covering for the foot and part of the leg made of wool or cotton and used for decoration 

So,now that you have been provided with plenty of vocabulary about this special time of the year, let's have a look at some idioms or sayings popularly used in Christmas: 

-Stocking stuffer: a small gift given at Christmas time. Mary always wait until the last minute to buy all her stocking stuffers
-Eat, drink and be merry: enjoy with good food and drink. Welcome to the company's Christmas party. Eat, drink and be merry! 
-Trim the tree: to put ornaments on a Christmas tree. There is so much to pr pare before Christmas but Jamie always comes to help me cook and trim the tree
-White Christmas: a Christmas Day with snow on the ground. It's so hot that I don't think we will have a white Christmas this year. 
-In the holiday spirit: feeling excited about Christmas. My little son is always in the holiday spirit at this time of the year 
-Don't be a Scrooge: don't be negative around the Christmas holidays spoiling others' fun (from Charles Dickens novel A Christmas Carol). Come on! Come to the party. We will have so much fun. Don't be a Scrooge!
-Secret Santa: when members of a group are assigned a person to give a present to, often by having randomly selected names beforehand. There are so many of us that we always do secret Santa for Christmas. 
-Christmas comes but once a year: it is a special day and we should be especially generous and indulgent. You could be a bit more permissive with your daughter, Christmas comes but once a year! 
-Christmas came early!: when you receive some unexpected good news or good fortune. My sister got promoted in her job unexpectedly and my son passed all his final exams, Christmas came early this year! 
-Like Turkeys voting for Christmas: choosing to accept a situation which will have very bad results for them. All the employees were like turkeys voting for Christmas, they did not really know what they were getting into! 

Well, I hope you have enjoyed them.  All for me to say is... 

Merry Christmas and don´t forget to... Eat, drink and be merry! 


Friday, December 11, 2015

Donald Trump´s latest idea!

Hello there!

I am sure you have probably heard of Donald Trump and the outrage he is causing with some of his words in the race to elect candidates for the 2016 U.S. Government elections. He is certainly a man who says what he thinks and he does seem to have a major problem refraining his thoughts. Trump´s last controversial words have taken place in a speech where he announced the necessity of imposing a ban on Muslims to enter the U.S. In his statement, he was not talking about terrorist or even suspicious individuals but rather about any Muslim, regardless of their intentions. No need to say I strongly disagree with Mr Trump´s words since not everyone can be judged by some other´s actions.  Here you have Donald Trump´s most controversial words so far:


Now, let´s have a look at some of the vocabulary or expressions he used in his infamous speech:
  • Shutdown (n): a closing, a stopping of working or operating. Example: The chain of shops suffered a major shutdown when the crisis started.
  • Figure out (ph v):  understand, solve. Example: The students worked hard until they figured out the solution to the problem.
  • Hatred (n): the feeling of one who hates, animosity. Example: I can understand why there is so much hatred towards animal abusers. 
Did you know these expressions? What do you think of Trump´s latest brilliant idea (irony mode on)? 



Friday, December 04, 2015

Very, So and Such

Hi Folks!

Friday already! It´s such a nice feeling! It´s so nice... but can I say: "It´s so nice feeling"?  If you answered "no" to the previous question you are on the right track.So, when do we use "such" and when do we use "so"? Go on reading if you want to find a proper answer to this question.
  • We use So + Adjective. Example: It´s so exciting!
  • We use Such + Adjective + Noun. Examples: It´s such an exciting city! / They are such  exciting people! 
  • We can also use Very + Adjective. Example: It´s very exciting! 
Have a look at the following video which deals with the difference between "So" and "Such":



But, what´s the difference between using "So" and using "Very"?

  • When we use 'So', there's normally another clause after it. The 'so' part of the sentence explains why the 'that' part of the sentence takes place.  Example: "Madrid is so polluted that some driving restrictions have had to implemented ". The first part of the sentence doesn't really make any sense without the second part  unless you're replying to something another person has just said. For example: -"I went to Madrid the other day and there was so much contamination..." - "Yes. You´re right. Madrid is so polluted!"
  • However "Very" can be used without another clause after it or without being a reply to someone else. We can say: "Madrid is very polluted" 
  • On the whole, we use 'Very' when we don't mean that something is good or bad, just extreme. Example: The weather is very cold these days!  However, we use 'So' when we want to add some extra information afterwards or replying to someone else. Examples: The weather is so cold that I need to wear a scarf! / - Are you cold? - Yes, It is so freezing! 
Is it clearer now? I hope so. Now, I´m off.  I´m so sleepy that I need a cup of coffee to wake me up. Then, I will go for a walk since it is such nice weather! Have a very lovely weekend!

Thursday, November 26, 2015

The ten most common mistakes

Hello folks!

I read a very interesting article about the ten most common mistakes made by Spanish speakers a few days ago and I found it so revealing that I thought it would be quite interesting to write about some of these mistakes in my blog and share them with you.
  • One common mistake made by Spanish students takes place when the students avoid using modal verbs. Modal verbs are far more popular in English than in Spanish and ESL students tend to use other forms that sound a bit less natural to native speakers. Example: I will possibly (might)  go to the party. The use of "would" for narrating past habitual actions is also very common in English and generally avoided by students. Example: I used to study a lot and I used to go swimming every day. I used to (would) dedicate a few hours a day to practise some sport and have a break from so much studying. 
  • Another typical mistake is the overuse of the form "will" for future expressions avoiding using other structures that also express future like present continuous, future of going to or even present simple. The choice of which structure to use usually depends on the speaker´s act of speaking: making a prediction, talking about a plans or a decision, reading a timetable, etc. The use of "will" for any future expressions sounds unnatural and it shows a clear lack of fluency. Ex: I will (am getting) get married next summer and I will have a great day. 
  • The verbs know and meet are quite distinctive in English and spansih speakers tend to misuse the verb "know" and use this verb as a translation of "conocer" regardless of its meaning. Example: Tracy is very friendly. I knew (met) her in a party a few weeks ago.
  • Prepositions are also tricky for ESL students since there are three prepositions that mean "en" in English: at, in, on. It is very important to learn the prepositions with the words they go. Sometimes, using the wrong preposition can also change the meaning of the sentence. Example: My mother shouted to me at lunch time. (to get my attention) - My mother shouted at me at lunch time (because she was angry) 
  • Phrasal Verbs are very common verbs in English and ESL students tend to avoid using them when speaking or writing. Their use is key to show fluency and command of the language. Students tend to use forms from Latin instead of using phrasal verbs which are far more common in natural English. Examples: I am going to investigate (look into) the matter. I won't tolerate (put up with) your behaviour any longer! 
  • The repetition of the main verb instead of using the auxiliary is another typical mistake often heard in spanish speakers English and which sounds unnatural. Example: - Did you enjoy the film? - Yes, I enjoyed it. (Yes, I did)
  • Regarding pronunciation and spelling,  one of the most common mistakes by spanish speakers is the insertion of an extra "e" before words beginning with an s + consonant. Example: (e)strange, (e)special, (e)stressing... The "h" is another sound that often causes problems to spanish speakers. It is often pronounced as a "j" when the correct English pronunciation is much softer than in Spanish. 
  • False friends are words which are often confused with Spanish terms  because they look or sound similar but they have a different meaning. Spanish students of English may be tempted to use these false friends instead of using the proper word. Have a look at the following example with the real meaning in brackets.   I actually (currently) have two children. Other popular false friends are: embarrased (ashamed), argument (oral disagreement), conductor (public transport employee in charge of collecting fares or tickets), large (big), carpet (fabric for covering floors), bomber (airplane equipped to carry and drop bombs) or sensible (with good sense)
So, what do you think? Do you think you make any of these when speaking or writing in English? I´d love to know your opinions if you do! Have a lovely week!